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Knowing the laws and regulations regarding drones in your state is crucial before any flight. If you currently reside in Texas and own a drone, the following information will be very important to you.
Flying Over Texas
For the best view of the Dallas skyline, Trammel Crow Park is the best place to be. The park has plenty of open space that is paired with the Trinity River and large areas of land to create the picture perfect setting to fly in.
Speaking of the Trinity River, White Rock is another great location in Dallas to fly a drone in. The serene lake, 70 acres of land, the Botanical Garden and the Dallas Arboretum make the White Rock reservoir one of the best places to capture some beautiful shots.
George Bush Park, located in the western region of Houston, brings adrenaline and sheer beauty together. The shooting range on the southeast side should definitely be avoided, but everywhere else in this area has plenty to offer. The lake is magical during the evening shortly before the sky grows dark.
Austin, however, may have the best locations yet. Butler Park, for one, brings the city and nature all rolled up into one. From here you can capture the waterfront, the Colorado River, and the skyline of downtown Austin.
The Registering Process in Texas
The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) requires that all Small Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) owners follow strict regulations and laws. You will need to file your name, home address and your email address as a start.
From there, you will receive a Certificate of Aircraft Registration and Proof of Ownership. These will include an identification number for your aircraft. You must have this number displayed on your drone at all times. The number will be valid for up to three years.
All aircraft that weighs more than 0.55 pounds, or 250 grams, and less than 55 pounds, or 25 kilograms, must be registered. This also includes any added payloads, such as an onboard camera.
You must be at least 13-years-old in order to register and, effective December 21st, 2015, all newly purchased or made drones must be registered before their first flight. You are able to register through a paper-based process, but you can also do so online by clicking here.
Proximity to Airports in Texas
As a general rule of thumb, and in accordance with the law from the FAA, you may not fly within a 5-mile radius of any airport. In 2012 the FAA enacted the Modernization and Reauthorization Act which requires hobbyist drone operators, meaning residential, to contact air traffic control and/or airport management if they are operating within a 5-mile radius of any local airport.
This is enacted nationwide, not only in Texas, under Part 101 of the Act, being Special Rule for Model Aircraft, to ensure that drone operations under unsafe conditions are disapproved before the drone can be launched.
Regardless of the local airport you will be flying near, and possibly breaching airspace, you will need to contact either the airport air traffic control tower or the airport operator.
You will need to establish an agreed-upon operating procedure with airport air traffic or the airport operator and answer a couple of questions. For example, questions relating to how long you are going to be flying for.
Unique Drone Laws in Texas
Texas has drone laws that are solely unique to the state, other than the existing nationwide laws and regulations that are already set by the FAA. At this time of writing all bills, laws, acts, etc., listed are in effect.
Government Code Chapter 423. USE OF UNMANNED AIRCRAFT
Sec. 423.001. DEFINITION. In this chapter, “image” means any capturing of sound waves, thermal, infrared, ultraviolet, visible light, or other electromagnetic waves, odor, or other conditions existing on or about real property in this state or an individual located on that property.
Added by Acts 2013, 83rd Leg., R.S., Ch. 1390 (H.B. 912), Sec. 2, eff. September 1, 2013.
Sec. 423.002. NONAPPLICABILITY.
It is lawful to capture an image using an unmanned aircraft in this state:
for the purpose of professional or scholarly research and development or for another academic purpose by a person acting on behalf of an institution of higher education or a private or independent institution of higher education, as those terms are defined by Section 61.003, Education Code, including a person who:
is a professor, employee, or student of the institution; or
(B) is under contract with or otherwise acting under the direction or on behalf of the institution;
in airspace designated as a test site or range authorized by the Federal Aviation Administration for the purpose of integrating unmanned aircraft systems into the national airspace;
as part of an operation, exercise, or mission of any branch of the United States military;
if the image is captured by a satellite for the purposes of mapping;
if the image is captured by or for an electric or natural gas utility:
for operations and maintenance of utility facilities for the purpose of maintaining utility system reliability and integrity;
(B) for inspecting utility facilities to determine repair, maintenance, or replacement needs during and after construction of such facilities;
(C) for assessing vegetation growth for the purpose of maintaining clearances on utility easements; and
(D) for utility facility routing and siting for the purpose of providing utility service;
with the consent of the individual who owns or lawfully occupies the real property captured in the image;
pursuant to a valid search or arrest warrant;
if the image is captured by a law enforcement authority or a person who is under contract with or otherwise acting under the direction or on behalf of a law enforcement authority:
in immediate pursuit of a person law enforcement officers have reasonable suspicion or probable cause to suspect has committed an offense, not including misdemeanors or offenses punishable by a fine only;
(B) for the purpose of documenting a crime scene where an offense, not including misdemeanors or offenses punishable by a fine only, has been committed;
(C) for the purpose of investigating the scene of:
(i) a human fatality;
(ii) a motor vehicle accident causing death or serious bodily injury to a person; or
(iii) any motor vehicle accident on a state highway or federal interstate or highway;
(D) in connection with the search for a missing person;
(E) for the purpose of conducting a high-risk tactical operation that poses a threat to human life; or
(F) of private property that is generally open to the public where the property owner consents to law enforcement public safety responsibilities;
if the image is captured by state or local law enforcement authorities, or a person who is under contract with or otherwise acting under the direction or on behalf of state authorities, for the purpose of:
surveying the scene of a catastrophe or other damage to determine whether a state of emergency should be declared;
(B) preserving public safety, protecting property, or surveying damage or contamination during a lawfully declared state of emergency; or
(C) conducting routine air quality sampling and monitoring, as provided by state or local law;
at the scene of a spill, or a suspected spill, of hazardous materials;
for the purpose of fire suppression;
for the purpose of rescuing a person whose life or well-being is in imminent danger;
if the image is captured by a Texas licensed real estate broker in connection with the marketing, sale, or financing of real property, provided that no individual is identifiable in the image;
of real property or a person on real property that is within 25 miles of the United States border;
from a height no more than eight feet above ground level in a public place, if the image was captured without using any electronic, mechanical, or other means to amplify the image beyond normal human perception;
of public real property or a person on that property;
if the image is captured by the owner or operator of an oil, gas, water, or other pipeline for the purpose of inspecting, maintaining, or repairing pipelines or other related facilities, and is captured without the intent to conduct surveillance on an individual or real property located in this state;
in connection with oil pipeline safety and rig protection;
in connection with port authority surveillance and security;
if the image is captured by a registered professional land surveyor in connection with the practice of professional surveying, as those terms are defined by Section 1071.002, Occupations Code, provided that no individual is identifiable in the image; or
if the image is captured by a professional engineer licensed under Subchapter G, Chapter 1001, Occupations Code, in connection with the practice of engineering, as defined by Section 1001.003, Occupations Code, provided that no individual is identifiable in the image.
(b) This chapter does not apply to the manufacture, assembly, distribution, or sale of an unmanned aircraft.
Added by Acts 2013, 83rd Leg., R.S., Ch. 1390 (H.B. 912), Sec. 2, eff. September 1, 2013.
Amended by: Acts 2015, 84th Leg., R.S., Ch. 360 (H.B. 2167), Sec. 1, eff. September 1, 2015.
Sec. 423.003. OFFENSE: ILLEGAL USE OF UNMANNED AIRCRAFT TO CAPTURE IMAGE.
A person commits an offense if the person uses an unmanned aircraft to capture an image of an individual or privately owned real property in this state with the intent to conduct surveillance on the individual or property captured in the image.
(b) An offense under this section is a Class C misdemeanor.
(c) It is a defense to prosecution under this section that the person destroyed the image:
as soon as the person had knowledge that the image was captured in violation of this section; and
without disclosing, displaying, or distributing the image to a third party.
(d) In this section, “intent” has the meaning assigned by Section 6.03, Penal Code.
Added by Acts 2013, 83rd Leg., R.S., Ch. 1390 (H.B. 912), Sec. 2, eff. September 1, 2013.
Sec. 423.004. OFFENSE: POSSESSION, DISCLOSURE, DISPLAY, DISTRIBUTION, OR USE OF IMAGE.
A person commits an offense if the person:
captures an image in violation of Section 423.003; and
possesses, discloses, displays, distributes, or otherwise uses that image.
(b) An offense under this section for the possession of an image is a Class C misdemeanor. An offense under this section for the disclosure, display, distribution, or other use of an image is a Class B misdemeanor.
(c) Each image a person possesses, discloses, displays, distributes, or otherwise uses in violation of this section is a separate offense.
(d) It is a defense to prosecution under this section for the possession of an image that the person destroyed the image as soon as the person had knowledge that the image was captured in violation of Section 423.003.
(e) It is a defense to prosecution under this section for the disclosure, display, distribution, or other use of an image that the person stopped disclosing, displaying, distributing, or otherwise using the image as soon as the person had knowledge that the image was captured in violation of Section 423.003.
Added by Acts 2013, 83rd Leg., R.S., Ch. 1390 (H.B. 912), Sec. 2, eff. September 1, 2013.
Sec. 423.0045. OFFENSE: OPERATION OF UNMANNED AIRCRAFT OVER CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURE FACILITY.
In this section:
“Critical infrastructure facility” means:
one of the following, if completely enclosed by a fence or other physical barrier that is obviously designed to exclude intruders, or if clearly marked with a sign or signs that are posted on the property, are reasonably likely to come to the attention of intruders, and indicate that entry is forbidden:
(i) a petroleum or alumina refinery;
(ii) an electrical power generating facility, substation, switching station, or electrical control center;
(iii) a chemical, polymer, or rubber manufacturing facility;
(iv) a water intake structure, water treatment facility, wastewater treatment plant, or pump station;
(v) a natural gas compressor station;
(vi) a liquid natural gas terminal or storage facility;
(vii) a telecommunications central switching office;
(viii) a port, railroad switching yard, trucking terminal, or other freight transportation facility;
(ix) a gas processing plant, including a plant used in the processing, treatment, or fractionation of natural gas;
(x) a transmission facility used by a federally licensed radio or television station;
(xi) a steelmaking facility that uses an electric arc furnace to make steel; or
(xii) a dam that is classified as a high hazard by the Texas Commission on Environmental Quality; or
(B) any portion of an aboveground oil, gas, or chemical pipeline that is enclosed by a fence or other physical barrier that is obviously designed to exclude intruders.
“Dam” means any barrier, including any appurtenant structures, that is constructed for the purpose of permanently or temporarily impounding water.
(b) A person commits an offense if the person intentionally or knowingly:
operates an unmanned aircraft over a critical infrastructure facility and the unmanned aircraft is not higher than 400 feet above ground level;
allows an unmanned aircraft to make contact with a critical infrastructure facility, including any person or object on the premises of or within the facility; or
allows an unmanned aircraft to come within a distance of a critical infrastructure facility that is close enough to interfere with the operations of or cause a disturbance to the facility.
(c) This section does not apply to conduct described by Subsection (b) that is committed by:
the federal government, the state, or a governmental entity;
a person under contract with or otherwise acting under the direction or on behalf of the federal government, the state, or a governmental entity;
a law enforcement agency;
a person under contract with or otherwise acting under the direction or on behalf of a law enforcement agency;
an owner or operator of the critical infrastructure facility;
a person under contract with or otherwise acting under the direction or on behalf of an owner or operator of the critical infrastructure facility;
a person who has the prior written consent of the owner or operator of the critical infrastructure facility;
the owner or occupant of the property on which the critical infrastructure facility is located or a person who has the prior written consent of the owner or occupant of that property; or
an operator of an unmanned aircraft that is being used for a commercial purpose, if the operator is authorized by the Federal Aviation Administration to conduct operations over that airspace.
(d) An offense under this section is a Class B misdemeanor, except that the offense is a Class A misdemeanor if the actor has previously been convicted under this section.
Added by Acts 2015, 84th Leg., R.S., Ch. 1033 (H.B. 1481), Sec. 1, eff. September 1, 2015.
Sec. 423.005. ILLEGALLY OR INCIDENTALLY CAPTURED IMAGES NOT SUBJECT TO DISCLOSURE.
Except as otherwise provided by Subsection (b), an image captured in violation of Section 423.003, or an image captured by an unmanned aircraft that was incidental to the lawful capturing of an image:
may not be used as evidence in any criminal or juvenile proceeding, civil action, or administrative proceeding;
is not subject to disclosure, inspection, or copying under Chapter 552; and
is not subject to discovery, subpoena, or other means of legal compulsion for its release.
(b) An image described by Subsection (a) may be disclosed and used as evidence to prove a violation of this chapter and is subject to discovery, subpoena, or other means of legal compulsion for that purpose.
Added by Acts 2013, 83rd Leg., R.S., Ch. 1390 (H.B. 912), Sec. 2, eff. September 1, 2013.
Sec. 423.006. CIVIL ACTION.
An owner or tenant of privately owned real property located in this state may bring against a person who, in violation of Section 423.003, captured an image of the property or the owner or tenant while on the property an action to:
enjoin a violation or imminent violation of Section 423.003 or 423.004;
recover a civil penalty of:
$5,000 for all images captured in a single episode in violation of Section 423.003; or
(B) $10,000 for disclosure, display, distribution, or other use of any images captured in a single episode in violation of Section 423.004; or
recover actual damages if the person who captured the image in violation of Section 423.003 discloses, displays, or distributes the image with malice.
(b) For purposes of recovering the civil penalty or actual damages under Subsection (a), all owners of a parcel of real property are considered to be a single owner and all tenants of a parcel of real property are considered to be a single tenant.
(c) In this section, “malice” has the meaning assigned by Section 41.001, Civil Practice and Remedies Code.
(d) In addition to any civil penalties authorized under this section, the court shall award court costs and reasonable attorney’s fees to the prevailing party.
(e) Venue for an action under this section is governed by Chapter 15, Civil Practice and Remedies Code.
(f) An action brought under this section must be commenced within two years from the date the image was:
captured in violation of Section 423.003; or
initially disclosed, displayed, distributed, or otherwise used in violation of Section 423.004.
Added by Acts 2013, 83rd Leg., R.S., Ch. 1390 (H.B. 912), Sec. 2, eff. September 1, 2013.
Sec. 423.007. RULES FOR USE BY LAW ENFORCEMENT.
The Department of Public Safety shall adopt rules and guidelines for use of an unmanned aircraft by a law enforcement authority in this state.
Added by Acts 2013, 83rd Leg., R.S., Ch. 1390 (H.B. 912), Sec. 2, eff. September 1, 2013.
Sec. 423.008. REPORTING BY LAW ENFORCEMENT AGENCY.
Not earlier than January 1 and not later than January 15 of each odd-numbered year, each state law enforcement agency and each county or municipal law enforcement agency located in a county or municipality, as applicable, with a population greater than 150,000, that used or operated an unmanned aircraft during the preceding 24 months shall issue a written report to the governor, the lieutenant governor, and each member of the legislature and shall:
retain the report for public viewing; and
post the report on the law enforcement agency’s publicly accessible website, if one exists.
(b) The report must include:
the number of times an unmanned aircraft was used, organized by date, time, location, and the types of incidents and types of justification for the use;
the number of criminal investigations aided by the use of an unmanned aircraft and a description of how the unmanned aircraft aided each investigation;
the number of times an unmanned aircraft was used for a law enforcement operation other than a criminal investigation, the dates and locations of those operations, and a description of how the unmanned aircraft aided each operation;
the type of information collected on an individual, residence, property, or area that was not the subject of a law enforcement operation and the frequency of the collection of this information; and
the total cost of acquiring, maintaining, repairing, and operating or otherwise using each unmanned aircraft for the preceding 24 months.
Added by Acts 2013, 83rd Leg., R.S., Ch. 1390 (H.B. 912), Sec. 2, eff. September 1, 2013.
Other Legal Issues With Drones in Texas
Unlike other states, Texas faces legal issues that are pretty thorough, to say the least. Texan citizens flying drones are restricted from flying privately for the sole purpose of taking pictures. In addition to this strict restriction, a large chunk of exceptions has been carved for law enforcement.
One of the most odd legal issues with drones in Texas would have to be the difference between a drone and a remote helicopter. You can, for example, strap a camera on a remote helicopter and photograph consenting adults, but you have to be extremely careful and more precise in accordance with the law when doing so with a drone.
Overall, other legal issues surrounding drones and the state of Texas can be considered somewhat backward when you look at drone laws in other states.
FAQ on Texas Law and Drones
If you do not see your question, or an answer to it, listed below, feel free to get in touch with us and we’ll gladly give you one.
Is a drone/UAS considered the same as a model aircraft?
The United States Congress has defined and concluded that a model aircraft is only considered a drone or a UAS when the following points are met:
It’s flown for recreational purposes or as a hobby and not for any business or commercial reasons
It’s flown within visible distance, meaning being able to see it at all times, of the individual operating it
It’s capable of sustaining flight within the atmosphere, meaning that it can fly
If your model aircraft, regardless of whether or not you acquired it pre-built or built it yourself, meets the above points to your knowledge, it’s considered a drone/UAS.
What is the Small UAS Rule?
The Small UAS Rule requires those who have unmanned aircraft systems, or UAS, that weigh less than 55 pounds, payload included, to register their aircraft with the FAA. This only applies to recreational or hobby fliers and not commercial drone use, however.
Is the FAA’s Small UAS Rule still in effect?
Yes, it has been in effect from August 29th of 2016 and is still in effect at this time of writing.
Do I have to carry my Certificate of Aircraft Registration while flying my UAS at all times?
Yes, you must have the registration certificate from the FAA at all times during flight operation. In accordance with federal law, all UAS operators must show their certificate of registration to any local, state, or federal law enforcement officer when they are asked to do so.
What do I do for registration if my UAS is over the 55-pound limit?
If your UAS weighs more than 55 pounds, including payload, you will need to register it by clicking here.
How do I request flight permission from Air Traffic Control to operate within airspace class B, C, D, or E?
You can contact Air Traffic Control for flight permission through the FAA portal available online by clicking here.
Drone Laws in Texas
Knowing the laws, regulations, restrictions, etc., regarding drones in your state is extremely important. Remember to educate yourself, follow the rules, fly safely and responsibly, and have fun!
